What is the fighting in Goma about?

East, rich in minerals from the Democratic Republic of the Congo, has been opposed through conflict for more than 30 years, since the 1994 Rwandan genocide.

Many armed groups competed with the central authorities for power and control of the potential luck in this vast nation.

I absorbed instability in the countries adjacent to the devastating influence – badly in the 1990s when two huge struggles, called global wars in Africa, led to the death of millions of people.

After rapid progress in the east, the fighters from the M23 Repel group seized a number of major cities and towns.

The first main coup was at the end of January with Goma – a city in the North KIVU province, which includes more than a million people.

Goma sits on the border with Rwanda and the beaches of Lake Kivu, a vital center for trade and transportation within the reach of mining cities that provide minerals and minerals in high demand.

When the rebels seized Juma, the aid agencies warned against the United Nations of a major humanitarian crisis with a lack of food and water, which is overwhelmed by the losses and bodies that occur in the streets.

M23 also seized another major city in the region, the capital of the South Kivu Bocafo Province.

Other sites now include M23 MASISI, Rutshuru and Katale.

The rebels previously threatened to continue their attack on the capital, Kinshasa, although analysts say this may be unlikely, because the city has an area of ​​2,600 km (1,600 miles), on the other side of this vast country.

The M23 leads the ethnic totsi, who say they need to carry weapons to protect the rights of the minority group.

They say that many of the previous deals to end the fighting have not been respected – they take their name from a peace agreement signed on March 23, 2009.

Shortly after its establishment in 2012, the M23 quickly gained land and seized Goma – actions that were met with international Opprobrium, accusing war crimes and human rights violations.

He was forced to withdraw from Goma, and then suffered from a series of heavy defeats by the Congolese army alongside the United Nations force, which witnessed its expulsion from the country.

Then the M23 fighters agreed to integrate them into the army in exchange for promises to protect the Tutsi.

However, in 2021, the group took the weapon again, saying that the promises were broken.

M23, Sultan McKenga leader is the Congolese Tutsi who previously fought in the Rwandan army.

Rwanda has constantly denied that it had supported M23, but since 2012, United Nations experts accused her of providing weapons, logistical support and even eventually the leadership of the rebels.

The government of Dr. Kongo, as well as the United States and France, also defined Rwanda as supporting the group. Last year, the UN expert report said that up to 4000 Rwandan soldiers are fighting alongside the M23.

On Friday, a spokesman for the Rwandan government, Yulandi McCulo BBC, told the country’s forces that were deployed along their borders to prevent the conflict that leaks into its territory.

Rwanda had previously said that she was fully fought in the recent fighting of the Congolese authorities, saying they refused to enter into a dialogue with the M23.

The peace process, which Angola, and the involvement of Rwanda and Dr. Kongo, had led to a ceasefire last year, yet the fighting quickly collapsed and resumed.

The origin of the current fighting can be partially returned to the genocide in Rwanda in 1994.

About 800,000 people – the vast majority of the Tutsi community – were slaughtered by ethnic Huto extremists.

The genocide has ended with the progress of the rebel force led by the Tuts led by Paul Kagame, and he is now president.

For fear of revenge, an estimated one million Hatsus across the border fled to what is now known as Dr. Congo. These ethnic tensions, which were postponed as a marginalized group of tutsi in the east – the pyramulling – were increasingly threatened.

The Rwanda Army invaded Dr. Congo twice, saying that he was following some of the genocide officials, and worked with members of Banyamulenge and other armed groups.

After 30 years of conflict, one of the Hoto groups, the democratic forces of the liberation of Rwanda (FDLR), which includes some of the Rwandan genocide, is active in the eastern Congo.

Rwanda describes FDLR as a “genocide militia” and says that its continued presence in the east of Dr. Congo threatens its lands. A spokesman for Rwandian said they wanted to return to Rwanda “to finish the job.”

He accuses the Congolese authorities of working with FDLR accusations – which Dr. Congo denies.

Rwanda is unlikely to remain outside Dr. Kongo unless she is convinced that FDLR no longer represents a threat to himself, or Tutsi societies in the eastern Congo.

Dr. Kongo and multiple United Nations reports accused Rwanda of using conflict as a way to loot Congolese minerals, such as gold and colors, which are used to make mobile phones and other electronic elements such as cameras and internal cars.

In recent years, the M23 has seized many profitable mining areas, and a report from United Nations experts said last December that about 120 tons of two colors were sent by M23 to Rwanda every four weeks.

They also noticed a significant rise in Rwanda’s metal exports in recent years, and it is believed that most of them come from Dr. Kongo.

Rwanda has constantly denied the allegations of the exploitation of Dr. Kongo minerals.

The United Nations peacekeeping mission has been developed since 1999. The current force – known as Monusco – consists of more than 10,000 soldiers.

However, among these, the Law of Power Intervention is only allowed to carry out offensive operations against armed groups. It was this force that helped defeat M23 in 2013.

Monusco was a target of anger at the ordinary Congolese who see it failing to do its work. President Felix Chesikdi, who considers the mission to fail, requested to leave by the end of last year.

But the departure was late and in December the mission was extended for another year.

The Southern African Development Society (SADC), a regional group of 16 countries, has also published a military force to the eastern Congo, but it was unable to stop the rebels.

South Africa said that 14 of its soldiers died in clashes with M23. Soldiers such as Malawi and Tanzania were also killed.

Cyril Ramavusa, President of South Africa, Rwanda warned that other attacks on its forces are the “declaration of war”.

The President of Rwanda Paul Kagame, accusing South Africa, retreated as part of the “warring force” participating in “offensive combat operations”.

The United Nations said Uruguay lost one of its soldiers who were part of the Monusco power.